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'Huge pressure': Developers cutting costs are root cause of defects
https://www.smh.com.au/national/ ... 0181226-p50o97.html
资深业内人士写的一篇揭露建筑行业潜在问题的文章 很有意义
A 36-storey tower at Sydney Olympic Park is evacuated putting thousands of residents on the street on Christmas Eve. Building movement, loud bangs and big cracks are reported. All this in a building that has opened only recently. The architect, structural engineer and builder are all respected players in the industry.
Much time will now be spent to find cause and culprit. Is the problem a significant structural issue, as it appeared from first reports? And if it is, is it the fault of an individual error by designer or builder or a sign of a wider problem in the industry
An investigation into the structural integrity of a recently-finished building at Sydney's Olympic Park has been launched by the NSW Government.
At this stage we cannot say for sure, but we can say that away from the headlines a pattern is emerging industry-wide. Down the road from the Opal building, a relatively new, high-rise residential building has not made front page news but is also having problems. The structural failure has been more gradual. The building's cantilevered balconies started sagging gradually soon after occupation. Some balconies have sagged as much as 180mm on the outer edges over three years. As a result, cracks have opened up, water runs away from the outlets and pools on the balconies. Major structural repair works are being commissioned.
A similar unreported story is to be told at a nearby 300-unit block. Structural deficiencies have led to major deflection of cantilevered concrete slabs. This structural defect is just one item in $6 million dollars worth of waterproofing and other faults found in this new building.
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In the ACT, residents in a new, high-profile high-rise apartment are woken every two hours or so during the night by a large banging sound. Have been for years. Structural deficiencies mean that the roof slab scrapes across support walls when it cools down at night. The resulting nocturnal crescendo has been the subject of prolonged court action and numerous expert reports. To borrow a phrase, design success has many parents, building defects are orphans.
The 33-storey Opal Tower was completed in August.
The 33-storey Opal Tower was completed in August. CREDIT:AAP
Such stories are being lived throughout our apartment boom-burdened major cities by owners who suspected nothing when they bought. Culprits and scapegoats for these and other defects are sometimes found but root causes are rarely identified.
I am not a structural engineer but I work with architects, builders and structural engineers dealing with major facade and waterproofing defects. A forensic approach is needed to look at the process that leads to a defect, including the design stage, rather than just looking at the material issue in isolation.
A root cause common to many of these types of defects is the way design risk has been managed in the building industry over the last decade or so. Key elements of structural and other design are passed though many hands before emerging triumphant on the skyline. Huge pressure is placed on the various designers by developers and builders to reduce time and cost. They are asked to deliver ever thinner, lighter structures which are quicker and cheaper to build. The margins for error are reduced. The long-term effects are discounted in favour of short-term financial gain。
This does not necessarily apply to the Opal Tower, but is an observation of the industry at large.
这些建筑问题的根源在于设计风险的控制模式。关键结构部件的设计在最后成形前都要经过很多次转手。设计师们常常承受着来自开发商和建造商的非人压力，要尽一切可能的去节省建造费用和缩短工期。设计师们总是被要求提供更薄，更轻的结构使得建造更快，更容易。这样一来安全系数被极大的压缩了。结构长期的影响被牺牲了，用于来换取短期的最大利润。
This management approach has reached its zenith in the wide use of design-and-construct contracts to commission many high-rise projects. These contracts, which supply builders with the first half of the design (which builders then have to finish) are often the first stop for developers looking to reduce cost and time of a project. The builder then takes responsibly for the design, however inadequate, and has to meet the developer's budget and time restrictions, however inadequate, and manage further tweaking of key design elements by the developer to cut costs even more.
Correcting this process is at the heart of preventing major defects in the building industry today. It begins with recognising the role that developers, at the apex of the design process, play in influencing the design of these buildings and the sometimes negative outcomes that arise.
Ross Taylor is the managing director of Ross Taylor and Associates, waterproofing consultants. |
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